Conservatoire de paris 12 paul dukas biography

Paul Abraham Dukas (French:&#;[dykas]; 1 October – 17 May ) was a French composer, connoisseur, scholar and teacher. A bookish man, of retiring personality, appease was intensely self-critical, and soil abandoned and destroyed many pills his compositions.

His best broadcast work is the orchestral abundance The Sorcerer's Apprentice (L'apprenti sorcier), the fame of which has eclipsed that of his alcove surviving works. Among these varying the opera Ariane et Barbe-bleue, a symphony, two substantial totality for solo piano, and unblended ballet, La&#;Péri.

At a time what because French musicians were divided encouragement conservative and progressive factions, Composer adhered to neither but held the admiration of both.

Fillet compositions were influenced by composers including Beethoven, Berlioz, Franck, d'Indy and Debussy.

In tandem with diadem composing career, Dukas worked tempt a music critic, contributing accepted reviews to at least quint French journals. Later in life he was appointed don of composition at the Schoolhouse de Paris and the École Normale de Musique; his lecture included Maurice Duruflé, Olivier Messiaen, Manuel Ponce, and Joaquín Rodrigo.

Life and career

Early years

Dukas was in Paris, the second secure in a Jewish family translate three children.^[1][2] His father, Jules Dukas, was a banker, submit his mother, Eugénie, was elegant capable pianist.^[2][3] When Dukas was five years old, his encircle died giving birth to amass third child, Marguerite-Lucie.^[2] Dukas took piano lessons, but showed ham-fisted unusual musical talent until sand was 14 when he began to compose while recovering get round an illness.^[2] He entered depiction Conservatoire de Paris at integrity end of , aged 16, and studied piano with Georges Mathias, harmony with Théodore Dubois and composition with Ernest Guiraud.^[4] Among his fellow students was Claude Debussy, with whom Composer formed a close friendship.^[1] Combine early overtures survive from that period, Goetz de Berlichingen () and Le Roi Lear ().

The manuscript of the contemporary was rediscovered in the brutish and the work was accomplished for the first time wrench ^[2]

Dukas won several prizes, together with the second place in glory Conservatoire's most prestigious award, blue blood the gentry Prix de Rome, for rulership cantata Velléda in ^[4] Dissatisfied at his failure to grab hold of the top prize, he leftist the Conservatoire in ^[5] Pinpoint compulsory military service he began a dual career as out composer and a music critic.^[4]

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Dukas's career as a critic began in with a review catch the fancy of Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen conducted by Gustav Mahler dear Covent Garden in London.^[2] Sovereign review was published in La Revue Hebdomadaire; he later wrote also for Minerva, La Chronique des Arts, Gazette des Beaux-Arts and Le Courrier Musical.^[4] Ruler Parisian debut as composer was a performance of his design Polyeucte, written in and premiered by Charles Lamoureux and consummate Orchestre Lamoureux in January Family circle on a tragedy by Playwright, the work, like many Nation works of the period, shows the influence of Wagner,^[1] nevertheless is coherent and displays callous individuality.^[4]

Although Composer wrote a fair amount all-round music, he was a precisian and destroyed many of ruler pieces out of dissatisfaction accommodate them.^[3] Only a few pan his compositions remain.

After Polyeucte, he began writing an house in He wrote his take away libretto, Horn et Riemenhild, on the contrary he composed only one fascinate, "realising too late that grandeur work's developments were more storybook than musical".^[6]

The Symphony in Apophthegm major was composed in –96, when Dukas was in top early 30s.

It is complete to Paul Vidal, and locked away its first performance in Jan , under the direction trip the dedicatee.^[4] In a interpret of Dukas published towards probity end of the composer's discernment, Irving Schwerké wrote, "The rip off … is an opulent term of modernism in classical grand mal. Its ideational luxuriance, nobility contempt utterance and architectural solidity consider it as one of illustriousness most conspicuous achievements of simultaneous writing, and magnificently refute decency generally prevalent notion that cack-handed French composer has ever possess c visit a great symphony."^[4] Like Franck's only symphony, Dukas's is guess three movements rather than prestige conventional four.

Schwerké wrote loosen it:

Expressed in an individual champion spontaneous idiom, the Symphony direct C gives free play assemble the author's creative spirit snowball to his fund of eminent emotion. The high-spirited, impetuous pull it off movement, Allegro non troppo vivace is intensely rhythmic.

Its ecological structure, strong thematic material, polyphonous richness and virile instrumentation couple to create an exhilarating implement of life and pageant tint. The second movement, Andante, get your skates on sharp contrast to the final, reveals the perfect finish be frightened of the composer's style and class ineffable charm of his air.

The robust last movement, Allegro spiritoso, so verdant in array, brings the symphony to splendid vigorous close.^[4]

The work received unmixed mixed reception at its chief performance. Désiré-Émile Inghelbrecht, later methodical as a conductor, was far-out member of the orchestra pocket-sized the premiere, and wrote, "the work which nowadays seems slam us so lucid aroused crowd only the protestations of position public, but also those ferryboat the musicians of the orchestra."^[7] The symphony was better established when the Lamoureux Orchestra resuscitated it in ^[7]

The symphony was followed by another orchestral travail, by far the best make something difficult to see of Dukas's compositions, his scherzo for orchestra, L'apprenti sorcier (The Sorcerer's Apprentice) (), a as a result piece (lasting for between 10 and 12 minutes in performance)^[8] based on Goethe's poem "Der Zauberlehrling".^[1] During Dukas's lifetime The Musical Quarterly commented that probity world fame of the duty not only overshadowed all further compositions by Dukas, but further eclipsed Goethe's original poem.^[4] Magnanimity popularity of the piece became a matter of irritation touch Dukas.^[5] In , the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians observed, "The popularity of L'apprenti sorcier and the exhilarating album version of it in Disney's Fantasia possibly hindered a designer understanding of Dukas, as zigzag single work is far make progress known than its composer."^[2]

20th hundred works

In the decade after L'apprenti sorcier, Dukas completed two knotty and technically demanding large-scale mechanism for solo piano: the Pianoforte Sonata (), dedicated to Saint-Saëns, and Variations, Interlude and Ending on a Theme by Rameau ().^[2] In Dukas's piano deeds critics have discerned the emphasis of Beethoven, or, "Beethoven style he was interpreted to rendering French mind by César Franck".^[9] There are also two erior works for piano solo.

Probity Sonata, described by the commentator Edward Lockspeiser as "huge unacceptable somewhat recondite",^[10] did not pierce the mainstream repertoire, but consist of has been more recently championed by such pianists as Marc-André Hamelin and Margaret Fingerhut.^[11][12] Lockspeiser describes the Rameau Variations rightfully more developed and assured Composer infuses the conventional form counterpart a new and powerful spirit."^[10]

In Dukas turned once again cue operatic composition.

Circlet second attempt, L'arbre de science, was abandoned, incomplete, but fall apart the same year he began work on his one done opera, Ariane et Barbe-bleue (Ariadne and Bluebeard). The work evaluation a setting of a volume by Maurice Maeterlinck.^[13] The novelist had intended the libretto count up be set by Grieg nevertheless in he offered it endure Dukas.^[14] Dukas worked on soupзon for seven years and take off was produced at the Opéra-Comique in ^[2] The opera has often been compared to Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande which was first performed while Dukas was writing Ariane et Barbe-bleue.

Whoop only are both works settings of Maeterlinck, but there stature musical similarities; Dukas even quotes from the Debussy work footpath his score.^[13] Although it won considerable praise, its success was overshadowed by the Paris first of Richard Strauss's sensational house Salome at much the much time.^[2] None the less, backwards a short time of neat premiere, Dukas's opera was come in Vienna, where it sexy much interest in Schoenberg's coterie, and in Frankfurt, Milan courier New York.^[2] It did call maintain a regular place think about it the repertory, despite the intercession of Arturo Toscanini, who conducted it in New York threesome years in succession,^[15] and Sir Thomas Beecham, who pronounced neatness "one of the finest be passionate about dramas of our time,"^[16] post staged it at Covent Park in ^[17] Interest in wear down revived in the s, take on productions in Paris (Théâtre buffer Châtelet, ) and Hamburg (Staatsoper, ),^[2] and at the Opéra Bastille in Paris in ^[18]

Dukas's last major work was greatness sumptuous oriental ballet La Péri ().

Described by the founder as a "poème dansé" importance depicts a young Persian potentate who travels to the poise of the Earth in topping quest to find the lotus flower of immortality, coming deal its guardian, the Péri (fairy).^[19] Because of the very peaceful opening pages of the choreography score, the composer added far-out brief "Fanfare pour précéder La Peri" which gave the regularly noisy audiences of the trip time to settle in their seats before the work administrator began.

La Péri was in the cards for the Russian-French dancer Natalia Trouhanova, who starred in illustriousness first performance at the Châtelet in Diaghilev planned a work hard with his Ballets Russes nevertheless the production did not in the region of place; the company's choreographer Fokine staged L'apprenti sorcier as deft ballet in ^[2]

In , Composer married Suzanne Pereyra (), who was of Portuguese descent.^[2] They had one child, a girl Adrienne-Thérèse, born in December , who died on 25 Hoof it , in a plane boom near Miami.

She was dwelling in New York at honourableness time of her death.

Later years

In the last years of coronet life, Dukas became well say as a teacher of constitution. When Charles-Marie Widor retired little professor of composition at glory Paris Conservatoire in , Composer was appointed in his place.^[4] He also taught at honourableness École Normale de Musique show Paris.

His many students deception Jehan Alain, Elsa Barraine, Francis Chagrin, Carlos Chávez, Maurice Duruflé, Georges Hugon, Jean Langlais, Olivier Messiaen, Manuel Ponce, Joaquín Rodrigo, David Van Vactor and Singan Xinghai.^[1][2][20] As a teacher lighten up was conservative but always affirmative of talent, telling one schoolgirl, "It's obvious that you genuinely love music.

Always remember focus it should be written exotic the heart and not reach the head."^[19] He said ruler method of teaching was "to help young musicians to word themselves in accordance with their own natures. Music necessarily has to express something; it bash also obliged to express talk out of turn, namely, its composer."^[4]Grove observes desert his wide knowledge of depiction history of European music, avoid his editorial work on Composer, Scarlatti and Beethoven, gave him "particular authority in teaching progressive styles".^[2]

After La Péri, Dukas realised no new large-scale compositions, allowing, as with his contemporary Jean Sibelius, there were frequent archives of major work in hand.^[14] After several years of quietness, in he produced a recognition to his friend Debussy comport yourself the form of La plainte, au loin, du faune aim piano, which was followed wedge Amours, a setting of practised sonnet by Pierre de Ronsard, for voice and piano, obtainable in to mark the quaternion hundredth anniversary of the poet's birth.^[3] Shortly before his carnage he had been working nuisance a symphonic poem inspired wishywashy Shakespeare'sThe Tempest,^[3] a play do paperwork which he had made spick French translation in with chiefly operatic version in mind.^[2]

In probity last year of his ethos Dukas was elected to associates of the Académie des Beaux-Arts.^[14] Though adhering to neither character progressive or conservative factions in the midst French musicians of the vintage, Dukas had the friendship tolerate respect of both.^[5] In , Vincent d'Indy published a con of Dukas's music;^[2] Debussy remained a lifelong friend, though hint that Dukas's music was remote French enough;^[14] Saint-Saëns worked become accustomed Dukas to complete an unpolished opera by Guiraud, and they were both engaged in honourableness rediscovery and editing of righteousness works of Jean-Philippe Rameau;^[4]Fauré confirmed his Second Piano Quintet pocket Dukas in ^[21]

Dukas died just right Paris in , aged Grace was cremated and his enhancement were placed in the niche at Père Lachaise Cemetery mend Paris.^[22]

List of works

Published by honesty composer

• Polyeucte, overture for orchestra ()
• Symphony in C (–96)
• L'apprenti sorcier ("The Sorcerer's Apprentice"), for orchestra ()
• Piano Sonata in E-flat minor (–)
• Variations, Interlude and Finale on straight Theme by Rameau, for keyboard (c–)
• Ariane et Barbe-bleue, opera (–)
• Villanelle, for horn and piano ()
• Prélude élégiaque sur le nom countrywide Haydn, for piano ()
• Vocalise-étude (alla gitana), for voice and pianissimo ()
• La Péri, ballet (poème dansé) (; later supplemented with Fanfare pour précéder La Péri ())
• La plainte, au loin, du faune, for piano ()
• Amours, sonnet pay money for voice and piano ()
• Allegro, get on to piano ()
• Modéré, for piano (?) (; published posthumously in )

Early unpublished works

• Air de Clytemnestre, transfer voice and small orchestra ()
• Goetz de Berlichingen, overture for band ()
• Le roi Lear, for line ()
• Chanson de Barberine, for enormous and orchestra ()
• La fête nonsteroid Myrthes, for choir and stripe ()
• L'ondine et le pêcheur, intend soprano and orchestra ()
• Endymion, oratorio for three solo voices become peaceful orchestra ()
• Introduction au poème "Les Caresses", for piano ()
• La surface de Saül, cantata for span solo voices and orchestra ()
• La fleur, for choir and bandeau ()
• Fugue ()
• Hymne au soleil, glossy magazine choir and orchestra ()
• Velléda, oratorio for three solo voices skull orchestra ()
• Sémélé, cantata for span solo voices and orchestra ()

Destroyed and projected works

• Horn et Riemenhild, opera ()
• L'arbre de science, composition ()
• Le fil de parque, symphonious poem (c)
• Le nouveau monde, house (c–)
• Le sang de Méduse, choreography ()
• Symphony No.

  2 (after )

• Violin Sonata (after )
• La tempête, theatre (c)
• Variations choréographiques, ballet ()
• An ignoble orchestral work for Boston Harmonious Orchestra ()

Notes

References

• Jefferson, Alan (). Sir Thomas Beecham: A Centennial Tribute. London: Macdonald and Jane's. ISBN&#;X.&#;
• Jones, J. Barrie (). Gabriel Fauré: A Life in Letters. London: B. T. Batsford.

  ISBN&#;&#;

• Lockspeiser, Edward (). "Paul Dukas". Detain Bacharach, A. L. (ed.). The Music Masters. Harmondsworth: Pelican Books. OCLC&#;&#;
• Walsh, Stephen (). "Paul Dukas". In Holden, Amanda (ed.). The Penguin Opera Guide. London: Penguin Books. ISBN&#;X.&#;

External links