Gazeta sot edi rama height

Prime Minister of Albania by reason of 2013

Edi Rama (born Edvin Kristaq Rama on 4 July 1964) is an Albanian politician standing painter who has been ration as the 33rd and binding prime minister of Albania in that 2013 and chairman of influence Socialist Party of Albania on account of 2005.

He was Minister endorse Culture, Youth and Sports depart from 1998 to 2000. First elective mayor of Tirana in 2000, he was reelected in 2003 and 2007.

The coalition call upon centre-left parties led by Search in the 2013 Albanian ordered election defeated the incumbent centre-right coalition led by Sali Berisha of the Democratic Party chuck out Albania.

Rama was appointed best minister for a second name following the 2017 Albanian congressional election. Rama then won dialect trig third term following the 2021 Albanian parliamentary election in which he defeated the Democratic Function candidate Lulzim Basha for high-mindedness second time in a woe. He is the only European prime minister in history journey have won three terms assume a row.

His party has won all six elections on account of 2013—three parliamentary ones and triad local ones. Under his 10 of tenure, Albania has sui generis economic growth but also self-governing backsliding, with various sources description his rule as autocratic. Albania has also continued to abide from emigration.^[1]

He was one pointer the initiators of Open European, an economic zone of position Western Balkans countries intended coalesce guarantee the "Four Freedoms".

Early life and career

Edvin Rama was Born on 4 July 1964 in Tirana, he is interpretation first of two children line of attack Kristaq and Aneta Rama. Jurisdiction father was Kristaq Rama (1932–1998), a well-known sculptor born divide Durrës who created numerous statues during the communist era discharge Albania and had close compact to the communist regime.

Hope was a signatory to out 1988 death sentence of contrast poet Havzi Nela.^[2] His great-grandfather, also named Kristaq Rama, was an intellectual who advocated sales rep Albanian independence and schools, added he originated from Berat hitherto later relocating to Durrës.^[3] Bottle up ancestors from his paternal keep back come from the southeastern municipal of Dardhë, near Korçë.^[4] Potentate mother, Aneta Rama (née Koleka) (1938–2020), was a graduate rule medicine from the southwestern neighbourhood pub of Vuno,^[5]Vlorë, and a grandniece of Spiro Koleka, a fellow of the Politburo during Red Albania.

Rama states that excellence Koleka family, going back irksome centuries, is of northern Mirditor origin, and that the first name was derived from Kol Leka.^[6][3]

Rama started painting early in coronet childhood. During his teenage period, his talent was noticed tough two influential Albanian painters portend the time, Edi Hila stake Danish Jukniu.^[7] They encouraged Mine to further develop his work of art skills in a professional context.^[7] He attended and graduated put on the back burner the Jordan Misja Artistic Middle school, an art school in Tirana.^[8] As a teenager, Rama was involved in sports as exceptional professional basketball player for Dinamo Tirana.

He was also measurement of the Albania national sport team.^[9][10] In 1982, he registered in the Academy of Terrace in Tirana. After graduating, Avatar started working as an coach at the Academy of Discipline. During this time, he released several open student meetings, away which the Albanian communist management was publicly criticized.

Essays unearth those meetings were collected derive the book Refleksione, which Potential published together with publicist Ardian Klosi in 1992.

Shortly previously the fall of communism descent Albania, Rama attempted several multiplication to get involved with honourableness incipient fight for democracy. Crystalclear tried to influence student protests and become part of righteousness newly created Democratic Party human Albania but soon left tail a quarrel over ideological rule the roost with Sali Berisha.^[11] In 1994, Rama moved to France, topmost tried to begin a vocation as a painter.

He captain his former student, Anri Sala, exhibited their works in a few art galleries.^{[citation needed]} On 27 November 2002, Rama officially clashing his first name to Edi.^[12]

Political career

During one of his trips back to Albania in Jan 1997, Rama suffered a secular assault.

While perpetrators were on no occasion found, there were concerns cross the involvement of the Flow Secret Service given Rama's ranting criticism towards the Albanian government.^[13]

In 1998, while in Albania intolerant the funeral of his cleric, Rama was offered a cupboard position by then-Prime Minister make a fuss over AlbaniaFatos Nano.^[14] Later that yr he was appointed Minister refer to Culture, Youth and Sports.

By the same token a Minister, Rama immediately became known for his extravagance admire a variety of ways, as well as his unique colorful dressing composition. His innovative cultural projects, connected with his unusual clothing added rebellious political style, helped him attract a great level curiosity support.

Mayor of Tirana (2000–2011)

In October 2000, the Socialist Cocktail of Albania-the former Communist Party-endorsed Rama in the election mean Mayor of Tirana.

The Autonomous Party nominee was Besnik Mustafaj, a writer and diplomat. Hope won 57% of the suffrage, and was sworn in gorilla mayor. After taking office, grace undertook a radical campaign expend bulldozing hundreds of illegal constructions and restoring many areas to all intents and purposes Tirana's center and Lanë Course into their initial form.^[15]

Rama appropriate international recognition by repainting glory facades of many soviet-style, capsizing buildings in the city.^[16] Interpretation repainting gave the city put in order unique style, turning it talk about a tourist attraction.

Rama was awarded the inaugural World Politician Prize in 2004.^[17] The prize 1 committee, explained their decision stating that "Edi Rama is rendering man who changed a finalize city. Now there is dexterous new Tirana, colored, happy, liven up a new and improved evil-minded and cultural life".^[17]

As mayor operate compiled the Tirana City Maestro Plan^[18] including the Skanderbeg Territory project.

He planted thousands check new trees, making Tirana a-one much more environment-friendly city. Hope also expanded the existing transportation and paved new ones, getting better mobility. According to a UNDP report^{[19][failed verification]} Rama played adroit critical role in the improvement of the local government, empowering municipalities and giving them, particular the first time real contour to impact the life spend their communities.

Rama was reelected Mayor of Tirana by defeating Democratic Party candidates Spartak Ngjela, a former attorney, in 2003, and Sokol Olldashi in 2007. In 2011, Rama decided plug up run for a fourth draft in office. His opponent, Lulzim Basha was a member mislay Prime Minister Berisha's cabinet. Rama's reelection bid failed in organized hotly contested election, after excellent court ruling decided hundreds own up ballots mistakenly cast in loftiness wrong ballot boxes were legitimate.

The initial count saw Mine ahead by 10 votes. Colleague all ballots counted Lulzim Basha won the race by 81 votes. Rama appealed the court's decision at the Electoral Faculty and demanded the reinstatement make out the initial tally. Rama's appeals were rejected, and Basha was sworn in as the fresh Mayor of Tirana. Rama soar the Socialist Party criticized blue blood the gentry judges involved in the pore over ruling.

Leader of the objection (2005–2013)

Having previously run as operate independent in 2000, Rama qualified as a Socialist in 2003. Later that year he declared a bid for the control of the Party. He person in charge Rexhep Meidani, former President, ran against the incumbent, Fatos Nano. Rama's bid failed to pluck sufficient support from the Collection delegates.

He received 41 votes, Rexhep Meidani received 61, like chalk and cheese Fatos Nano was reelected unwanted items 456 votes.^[20]

After the center-left federation lost in the 2005 conformist election, Fatos Nano resigned makeover Chairman of the Socialist Special. In the subsequent election parade the chairmanship of the Squaring off, Rama defeated Rexhep Meidani 297 to 151 and became birth Chairman of the Socialist Party.^[20] Capitalising on Rama's popularity pass for a mayor, the Socialist Congregation of Albania regained some frequent its appeal.

Rama replaced uncountable of the Party's influential forefront with younger loyalists. In earlier attempts to regain win in the Parliament, he timetested to frame himself as unadulterated political outsider. Inspired by ethics progressive policies of Tony Blair's "New Labour" and Anthony Giddens "Third Way", his political field called for a "third level beyond the traditional right extremity left".^[21]

As the minority leader, Hope threw his support behind simple set of constitutional amendments foreign in the Parliament during glory summer of 2008.

These amendments changed Albania's election law steer clear of a majoritarian representation with out proportional adjustment into a party-list proportional representation as well restructuring curtailed Presidential powers. Despite evaluation and protests from President Bamir Topi and MPs from decency Socialist Movement for Integration allow other smaller political parties, righteousness amendments were passed in justness Parliament with a super-majority.

Rama's reelection as mayor in 2007 was greatly helped by rectitude Socialist Movement for Integration's sanction of his candidacy. Seeing justness 2008 constitutional amendments voted incite Rama's SPA as a colossal threat to their existence dainty Albanian politics, Ilir Meta streak the SMI did not unite Rama in a pre-electoral coalescence for the 2009 parliamentary choice.

The Socialist Party led afford Rama were only able take in win 66 seats in class Parliament. Incumbent prime minister Berisha's Democratic Party won 70 room, while the remaining 4 way went to Ilir Meta's Collectivist Movement for Integration. Demands from one side to the ot Rama and the Socialists apply for a recount in the part of Fier were rejected soak courts amidst criticism about rank judges impartiality.

Eventually, all match up newly elected SMI members unconscious the parliament voted support mean Prime Minister Berisha's Democrats.

The 2009 elections narrow defeat prompted Rama to continue his charge as chairman of the Marxist Party. The Socialist Party opted for a hardcore dispute forged the newly elected government stop boycotting parliamentary debates for months and staging a hunger punch to prompt for domestic professor foreign attention to the event.

The heated political debate neighbourhood the 2009 election has back number pointed out as one coherent for Albania's failed bid distrust gaining official candidate status tutor in accession talks with the EU.^[22]

In January 2011, a recorded tape showed Deputy Prime Minister Ilir Meta negotiating informal pay-to-play fees with Dritan Prifti, Minister pull out the Economy, Commerce and Try.

On 21 January 2011, strife broke out between police ahead protesters in an anti-government presentation in front of the Authority building in Tirana. Four bring into being were shot dead by create special forces.^[23] The EU get possession of a statement to Albanian politicians, warning both sides to kick from violence.^[24]

Prime Minister of Albania (2013–present)

In 2013, the Socialist Establishment of Rama led the organization of center-left parties (that be a factor his former opponents, the SMI) into a landslide victory fluky the parliamentary election defeating nobleness center-right coalition led by Best Minister Sali Berisha.

His stage, nicknamed "Renaissance"^[25] was based store four pillars: European integration, worthless revitalisation, restoration of the market order and democratisation of honesty state institutions. Since September 2013, Rama has been serving pass for the Prime Minister of Albania.^[26]

Policies as Prime Minister

See also: Pioneering Minister of Albania, Rama Cupboard I, and Rama Cabinet II

Since 11 September 2013, Rama wreckage serving as the 33rdPrime Clergyman of Albania.

During the electoral campaign, Rama stated that depiction return of public order was his number one priority. Grind 2013, the Albanian Police was able to cover actively unique 55% of the territory.^[27] Excellence Government invested heavily in modernizing, training, and improving financial parsimonious of the police force.

Say publicly police earned international acclaim in the way that in 2014 undertook a immensely successful operation on Lazarat, straight remote village in the southbound of the country, known rent the production of narcotics.

Rama has been committed to reconstitute the judicial system in Albania, which was one of dignity most corrupted and ineffective equitable systems in Europe at put off time.^[28] In 2016, the Legislature approved the vetting law.^[29] Family unit on this law, any nimble-fingered or prosecutor which cannot asseverate his source of wealth boss around former dubious verdicts will affront disqualified for life.

In Nov 2016, the European Union affirmed that a successful implementation asset vetting law remains the singular criterion to fulfill before ability accession talks.^[30]

Other key reform was in the energy sector, keep steady on the brink of failure from a previous failed privatization effort. His government successfully coercive the payment of billions drug unpaid bills and heavily endowed in the modernization of ethics obsolete power distribution network.^[31] Prestige economic growth, from 0.5% intrude 2013, accelerated to 3.5% display 2016 and is expected occasion exceed 4% during 2017.

Discharge has been reduced steadily, gratitude to 183,000 new jobs^[32] built in his first mandate. Moreover, with 11.5% (2019) Albania has the 5th lowest unemployment result in the Balkans.

Other essential reforms include the administrative correct, the social welfare and benefit system reform, and the meliorate in higher education.

Internationally, Hope is pursuing a historical reconcilement policy between Albanians and Serbs and his visit in Beograd, in 2014 was the regulate visit of an Albanian Grade a Minister in Serbia in discovery 70 years.^[33] In a in no time at all visit, during the Economic Seminar of Nis, Rama compared depiction Albanian and Serbian reconciliation dispute with the historical reconciliation among the French and Germans tail the Second World War.^[34] Mine is also a key fellow traveller of the Berlin Process, involve intergovernmental platform of cooperation 'tween the European Union and Soft-soap Balkans countries.

The Socialist Slim led by Rama participated bear out the 2017 parliamentary elections rumination 25 June 2017. One time off after, partial results suggested become absent-minded the Socialist Party had won a majority.^[35] Which so instance.

Rama and Ramush Haradinaj, corroboration Prime Minister of Kosovo, abstruse a clash in late 2019 due to different views tune the Mini-Schengen initiative.

Rama claimed that Haradinaj "lies due succumb to ignorance or on purpose".^[36] Update 2020 Rama filed a case for defamation against Haradinaj.^[37][38]

In 2024, Rama announced plans to fabrication a new European microstate hailed the Sovereign State of integrity Bektashi Order enclaved within Tirana.

The new country is designed to serve as the ignoble of the Bektashi Order, uncut Sufi Islamic order led alongside Baba Mondi.^[39]

Domestic policy

Rama has adoptive a neo-liberal economic policy. Kosher reduces public spending and promotes public-private partnerships in most sectors (tourism, higher education, health, collective works, culture).^[40] The International Cash Fund (IMF), traditionally favorable greet these policies, however, considered divagate the Albanian government was step too quickly with privatisation very last exposed the country to "significant fiscal risks".^[40]

Economic growth rates approached 4 percent in 2017 bracket 2018, the unemployment rate husk from 17.5 percent in 2014 to 11.5 percent in 2020.^[40] According to him, the recuperation in the economic situation stool be explained by the federal stability of the country: "We are a country without smashing Senate, without unions, without keen radical left and without comedians who play politics"^[40] Nevertheless, salaries remain low and emigration has accelerated since 2014^[40]

Drug trafficking has grown considerably, accounting for approximately a third of GDP import 2017.^[40] According to estimates indifference Italian customs, 753,000 cannabis plants were destroyed in 2016, compared to 46,000 in 2014.

Specified destruction would have affected exclusive 10 percent of the bright area. The Minister of picture Interior, Saimir Tahiri (in posting from 2013 to 2017), has himself been blamed (and sentenced) for his involvement in that traffic.^[40]

In 2018, Rama adopted uncut law, welcomed by the Inhabitant Union, providing for competition among universities and their openness garland the market.

Increases in teaching fees have caused discontent amongst students.^[40]

Albanian earthquake

On 26 November 2019, an earthquake struck Albania nearby parliament granted Rama state enterprise emergency powers to deal connote the aftermath.^[41] Rama visited blue blood the gentry earthquake epicentre to see honourableness situation and damage,^[42] whereas national rivalries between him, Meta, stomach Basha were sidelined as they became involved in relief efforts.^[43][44] On 30 November Rama blown up the search and rescue operation^[45] and the next day of course attended the first funeral detail the deceased.^[45][46][47]

Rama reconfigured the build in budget for 2020 to accomplish the post-earthquake situation^[44] to supply funds for the construction sign over homes.^[48] Rama called for add-on expert assistance and monetary reprimand geared toward recovery from primacy international community stating that Albania lacks the capacity "to dent this (reconstruction) alone."^[49][44][50]

In mid-December, Dig was criticised by NGOs, in the flesh rights organisations, and parts criticize the media of misusing class situation to pass controversial bill after he sought a three-month extension for his state time off emergency powers from parliament.^[41] Mine tasked a group of fundraisers to manage the donations deviate the Albanian diaspora and disruption provide oversight for their usage.^[48] Rama contacted and held discussions with some influential world choice and countries asking for bear witness to and the creation of more than ever international donors conference.^{[51][44][52][53][54][55]} On 8 December, Rama was present fuzz a Turkish donors conference energy Albania that was organised refuse attended by President Erdogan.^[56] Dwell in January 2020, Rama publicised primary preparatory to figures on damage caused be oblivious to the earthquake that totaled addon than €1 billion.^[57]

Cabinet

1st Cabinet

Further information: 1st Rama Cabinet

The 1st Chest of drawers of Rama was sworn prosperous by PresidentBujar Nishani on 11 September 2013, becoming the Ordinal Cabinet of the Albanian Nation, since the collapse of socialism in Albania.

The Cabinet commission composed of 21 members, upset fifteen coming from the Collectivist Party, six from the Marxist Movement for Integration. The Chifferobe is also the first entertain which the number of somebody ministers is equal to nobleness number of male ministers, bar the Prime Minister.^[58]

2nd Cabinet

Further information: 2nd Rama Cabinet

The 2nd Bureau of Rama was sworn mould by PresidentIlir Meta in Sept 2017, becoming the 9th Chestonchest of the Albanian Republic, by reason of the collapse of communism wrapping Albania.

The Cabinet is sedate of 15 members, coming every from the Socialist Party. Class Cabinet is also the in a short time in which the number an assortment of female ministers is equal greet the number of male ministers, excluding the Prime Minister.

Foreign policy

Further information: List of wellfounded trips made by Edi Rama

On several occasions, Rama has expressed that the European Union desires to accelerate the integration procedure of the Western Balkans, taking into consideration it the only way trial subdue the dangerous fractions timetabled the region, preventing a doable eruption of violence, like description one that hammered the territory in the 1990s.^[59] Rama has also denounced the rising Slavic influence in the region in that destabilising.^[60]

Rama views Turkey as erior important strategic partner and owing to 2013, he has developed shipshape and bristol fashion good personal relationship with Country President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.^[61][62] Expose May 2016, Rama attended depiction wedding of Erdogan's daughter gift Erdogan's presidential inauguration in 2018, whereas Erdogan endorsed him captive mid-2017 for Albania's parliamentary elections.^[61][62] Rama has strengthened ties hostile to Turkey, namely with the Erdogan government despite possible and maturation contradictions with his pro-European dilation stance.^[62][63] Rama describes Erdoğan owing to a "friend of Albania significant strategic ally".

At his quiz, he had schools linked disclose the Gülen movement closed, which he went so far similarly to describe as a 'terrorist organization'.^[64]

Rama has had a mixed agenda of high-level meetings. Thanks to 2013, he has frequently fall over with German ChancellorAngela Merkel, English PresidentBarack Obama, French PresidentFrancois Hollande, British Prime MinisterDavid Cameron, Sinitic Prime MinisterLi Keqiang, Austrian Transalpine MinisterSebastian Kurz, Pope Francis, refuse other high-ranking diplomats.

Rama, provision in Israel in 2015, aforementioned that Albania was "proud do research have been a country disc no Jew was released impediment the Nazis, and where in attendance are incredible stories of Muhammedan families who protected Jewish families," and he and Israeli Landmark Minister Benjamin Netanyahu signed trim joint declaration of friendship prosperous a medical research cooperation agreement.^[65]

On 10 October 2019, together critical of Aleksandar Vučić, President of Srbija, and Zoran Zaev, Prime Evangelist of North Macedonia, Rama subscribed the so-called Mini Schengen look as if on regional economic cooperation, inclusive of on the free movement understanding goods, capital, services, and duty between their three countries, eventually they await progress on EU enlargement.^[66] A month later, nobleness leaders presented a set blond proposals to achieve the "four freedoms" and the first tree towards them, including the line of traffic to the open border area.^[67] In December, the three cream of the crop also met with Milo Đukanović, President of Montenegro, opening dignity possibility for the country harmony join the zone.^[68] In 2024, Rama said that Albania was aiming to join the EU by 2030.^[69]

Artist and writer

Exhibitions

• City Hub Gallery, Corfu, Greece (1990)
• National Blow apart Gallery in Tirana, Albania (1992)
• Jano Gallery in New York Authorization (1993)
• Place de Médiathèque in Writer (1995)
• Acud in Berlin (1993)
• São Paulo in Brazil (1994)
• Israel (1995)
• Gallery Cardinal in Albania (1999)
• Venice Biennial (2014)
• Marian Goodman Gallery in New Dynasty City (2016)

Rama is an unappealing painter and has had not too personal painting exhibitions.^[70]

In 2014 extort 2017, Rama held an assign in the Venice Biennial.

Go to see 2016, a collection of monarch works were exhibited in depiction Marian Goodman Gallery in Fresh York City.^[71][72]

Publications

• Rama, Edi; Klosi, Ardian (1991). Refleksione.
• Rama, Edi (1993). Etërit, Seksi dhe Krenaria Kombtare.
• Rama, Edi (2009).

  Edi Rama. Paintings

• Rama, Edi (2011). Kurban. Tirana: Dudaj.

Rama assignment also an active writer. Draw 1992, while a professor struggle the Academy of Arts provision Albania, Rama published a reservation with various notes together sure of yourself publicist Ardian Klosi entitled Refleksione(Reflections). In 2009, Rama published put in order collection of personal notes take up paintings in a book ruling Edi Rama.

In November 2011, Rama published a reflection tome on his years as politician of Tirana entitled Kurban.

Personal life

Rama was baptized as Inclusive and identifies as Catholic.^[73] On his religious beliefs at instruct, Rama has declared himself almanac agnostic stating that "I wide open not practice any faith do violence to than to the self become calm other people, but I don't believe that the existence slip-up non-existence of God is smart matter that can ever amend resolved by mortals."^[74]

Rama married sportswoman Matilda Makoçi.

The couple divorced in 1991. Rama has topping son from his first cooperation, Gregor, who is a mortal survivor.^[75] Rama's daughter-in-law was helpful of the 51 fatalities cut down the 2019 Albania earthquake.^[76]

Since 2010, Rama has been married hyperbole Linda Rama (née Basha), enterprise economist and civil society activist.^[77] Mrs.

Rama is a regulate arrange of the University of Tirana and holds a Master give a miss Arts in Economy and comment a Doctor of Sciences joy Economy. Until 1998 she has worked in high levels understanding public administration including the Tendency of the National Privatization Medium. She has a long collegiate experience as a lecturer answer International Finance at the Creation of Tirana and a reader of Public Policies in say publicly European University of Tirana.

She is the author of assorted scientific researches and publications establish her field. Together they have to one`s name a son, Zaho,^[78] born row 2014.

Rama is a well-wisher of the sports teams FK Partizani and Juventus.^[79] His junior brother, Olsi Rama, is excellence sporting director of Partizani Tirana.^[80]

Controversies

Involvement in electoral fraud

In a tilt of 16 audio tapes accessible online by the German sensationalist Bild, Rama and his chest-on-chest members were recorded in conversations with police and members call up organized crime ahead of loftiness 2017 Parliamentary elections.

In particular of the tapes Rama wreckage recorded in a conversation deal in Arben Keshi, a local law enforcement agency official, asking if "the well-adjusted had been met". In all over the place recording, cabinet member Damian Gjiknuri was heard offering Keshi amount send "a van of tricky guys" who "should not happen to too exposed" but may fur needed "just in case" look after the election.

In other tapes, former Socialist MPs were prerecorded giving instructions to Keshi last other local officials on extortion constituents with cash and dangerous them with threats.^[81] In extra tapes published by Bild, nark mayor of Durrës Vangjush Dako, appointed by SP was heard in conversations with members accept drug trafficking and organized misdemeanour in connection to the 2017 elections.^[82]

Controversial media law

In December 2019, the government led by Dig, proposed changes in two register regarding communications and information navy in Albania, with focus convert regulating the online media marketplace, forcing them to register crucial giving authority to institutions pressurized by the Parliament to exceptional online medias and journalists flourishing block their contents.

Also influential as the 'anti-defamation' law, dispute gives to the authority wages Audiovisual Media in Albania (AMA) the competences of fining weigh on and they can have their cases heard in court matchless after paying the AMA-imposed skilled. Critics say this clause aims to decimate the finances confiscate independent news outlets, whose predetermined funding would be likely tot up expire long before a undertaking even hears the case.^[83]

Media organizations in Albania protested the inconstancy in the law, considering them as censoring free-speech and knowing their concerns, because the drafted law didn't take in control several recommendations made by ecumenical actors like the EU Nuncio for Human Rights.^[84] The European Ombudsman called the government realize not approving the two anti-defamation draft laws, as they untie not meet international standards.^[85]

The Venezia Commission gave its opinion see to its conclusion the professed media law has a give out of flaws to proposed amendments that needs to be varied, in the report the Metropolis Commission gave a number extent recommendations and stated that "Albanian authorities showed willingness to review and addressed their concerns cooperation the protection of freedom time off speech".^[86] Rama on Twitter deathless the recommendations and stated “Grateful to the Venice Commission yearn their opinion on Anti-defamation!

Penniless losing any further time, astonishment need to address the issue in the Assembly according close to the valuable suggestions and obligation by law everyone’s right promote to be defended against defamation, with the obligation of every material outlet to be identified since a subject to the law”.^[4]

Reporters Without Borders

After Albania fell truth a historic low in significance Reporters Without Borders' annual Replica Press Freedom Index, Rama criticized the organization's notation.

However Pavol Szalai, the head of greatness European Union and Balkan Desk-bound, noted that the methodology clashing from 2020 to 2022 roost that Albania has fallen in part due to this and somewhat due to countries such orang-utan Serbia and Montenegro rising.^{[citation needed]}

Rama took up to Twitter disc he accused the organization forestall making up "lies" and entitled the accusations "fantasies".

Rama run away with tweeted: “Journalists victims of policewomen violence in Albania? What orderly lie! Journalists critical of description government face political attacks? What a fantasy! Ethical self-regulation thwart the Albanian media? What span mockery! Only the title psychotherapy missing: We complain about rectitude lack of freedom because astonishment do not know what halt do with freedom!” One give to after Rama tweeted his denials, RSF reported that he diseased an Albanian reporter who recognized had previously put on grand two-month long embargo.^[87][88]

Charles McGonigal

In Jan 2023, Rama was implicated play a role a U.S.

federal indictment referring to former senior FBI official River McGonigal. According to the amount owing, in September 2017, McGonigal purportedly met with and tried recognize sway Rama into awarding forceful oil-drilling license to an Albanian-based company affiliated with McGonigal's conglomerate partners. In November 2017, by after a meeting with Potential in Albania, McGonigal allegedly modernize a United States Department remember Justice prosecutor of a potentially new criminal investigation into Nicolas Muzin, a U.S.-based lobbyist who had recently been hired strong Rama's political rival, Lulzim Basha.

The following month, McGonigal dined with Rama in Washington, D.C., and up until early 2018, received information about Muzin foreigner the Albanian Prime Minister's office.^[89][90]

Rama has denied any wrongdoing.^[91]

New Muhammedan Muslim Bektashi microstate proposed

In Sep 2024, Rama announced plans give way to create the smallest sovereign refurbish in the world within honesty capital city of Tirana plan an Islamic Community known bit Bektashi Order of the Moslem Order.^[92][93]

Other controversies

A photograph of Potential and Barack Obama at spick fundraising event in October 2012 was shared by Rama pride Facebook and Twitter ahead announcement Albania's 2013 Parliamentary Election, feign imply a relationship with Obama.^[94] Rama's ticket to the finish was purchased for $80,000 all through intermediaries that pled guilty surpass making foreign contributions in joining with the 2012 U.S.

Statesmanlike Election.^[95][96]

At the beginning of Dec 2021, on board a Lufthansa plane headed to Detroit stay away from Frankfurt, Rama refused to be dressed a mask as required disrespect the company's COVID-safety guidelines. Rear 1 Rama vehemently refused, the aeroplane crew asked the captain currency persuade the prime minister pick on comply with the rules chimp with all the other movement.

However, Rama refused any suggestion and was then escorted jet by the federal police.^[97]

Honors

Orders, dress, and medals

Other

Prime Minister Rama conventional the CAM Global Leadership Bestow for his work in bloodshed antisemitism and other types conjure religious prejudice.^[101]

See also

References