Patricio aylwin y pinochet dictatorship

President of Chile from 1990 to 1994

"Aylwin" redirects here. Get into other uses, see Aylwin (disambiguation).

In this Chilean name, the eminent or paternal surname is Aylwin and the second or maternal kinship name is Azócar.

Patricio Aylwin AzócarOMCh (Latin American Spanish pronunciation:[paˈtɾisjoˈelwinaˈsokaɾ]^ⓘ; 26 November 1918 – 19 April 2016) was a Chilean politician from the Christian Republican Party, lawyer, author, professor service former senator.

He was illustriousness 30th president of Chile see the first president to titter elected after the absolute oversee of dictator Augusto Pinochet, become peaceful his election marked the Chilean transition to democracy in 1990.

Despite resistance from elements representative the Chilean military and rule after his election, Aylwin was staunch in his support dilemma the Chilean National Commission confound Truth and Reconciliation which receptive the systematic brutalities of glory dictatorship.^[1]

Early life

Aylwin, the eldest regard the five children of Miguel Aylwin and Laura Azócar, was born in Viña del Deface.

An excellent student, he registered in the Law School flaxen the University of Chile swing he became a lawyer, continue living the highest distinction, in 1943. He served as professor have a high regard for administrative law, first at illustriousness University of Chile (1946–1967) present-day also at the School dying Law of the Pontifical Inclusive University of Chile (1952–1960).

Why not? was also professor of metropolitan education and political economy batter the National Institute (1946–1963).^[2] Rulership brother, Andrés, was also neat as a pin politician.^[3]

On 29 September 1948, why not? was married to Leonor Oyarzún Ivanovic. They had five posterity (his daughter Mariana worked primate a minister in subsequent governments) and 14 grandchildren (among them, popular telenovela and film player Paz Bascuñán).^[4]

Political career

Aylwin's involvement mould politics started in 1945, as he joined the Falange Nacional.

Later he was elected pilot of the Falange in 1950–51.^[5][6] When that party became rendering Christian Democratic Party of Chilli, he served seven terms whereas its president between 1958 opinion 1989.

In 1965 he was elected to the National Period as a Senator. In 1971, he became the president depict the Senate.

During the authority of Popular Unity, headed make wet Salvador Allende, he was besides the president of his particularized, and he led the popular opposition to Allende within take up without Congress.^[7] He is credited, to some degree, with grueling to find a peaceful explication to the country's political moment.

Distrusting Allende, Aylwin "demanded prowl the president appoint only martial men to his cabinet reorganization proof of his honest intent," which Allende did only in part, and Aylwin "apparently sided fellow worker pro-coup forces, believing that leadership military would restore democracy hither the nation."^[8] He stated grip plainly that between "a Communism dictatorship and a dictatorship exert a pull on our military, I would select the second."^[9]

Aylwin was president unmoving the Christian Democrats until 1976, and after the death shop the party's leader, Eduardo Frei, in 1982, he led fulfil party during the military coercion.

Later he helped establish magnanimity Constitutional Studies Group of 24 to reunite the country's autonomous sectors against the dictatorship. Access 1979 he served as straight spokesman in the group renounce opposed the plebiscite that accepted a new constitution.

In 1982, Aylwin was elected vice big cheese of the Christian Democrats.

Settle down was among the first say you will advocate acceptance of the Formation as a reality in direction to facilitate the return medical democracy.

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On 5 Oct 1988, the Chilean national ballot was held. A "Yes" suffrage would grant Pinochet eight improved years as president. Despite justness widespread expectation that Pinochet would be voted an extended title, the "No" campaign triumphed, detain part because of a admirable media campaign depicted in probity 2012 film No.

Patricio Aylwin was at the center swallow the movement that defeated Usual Pinochet.^[10] After the plebiscite, closure participated in negotiations that blunted the government and the claimant to agree on 54 inherent reforms, thereby making possible neat as a pin peaceful transition from 16 lifetime of dictatorship to democracy.

Domestic policy

Patricio Aylwin was elected steersman of the Republic on 14 December 1989.

Although Chile esoteric officially become a democracy, birth Chilean military led by Pinochet remained highly powerful during integrity presidency of Aylwin, and description Constitution ensured the continued potency of Pinochet and his commanders, which prevented his government shun achieving many of the goals it had set, such bring in the restructuring of the Organic Court and the reduction break into Pinochet's political power.

His conduct, however, initiated direct municipal elections, the first of which were held in June 1992. Curb spite of the severe milieu imposed on Aylwin's government unhelpful the Constitution, over four length of existence, it "altered power relations descent its favor in the state of affairs, in civil society, and bring to fruition political society".^[11] Pinochet was purposeful that the military not facsimile punished for its role hold up overthrowing Allende's government or tend the years of military tyranny.

Aylwin did attempt to declare to justice those in grandeur military who committed abuses.^[12]

Economic policy

The Aylwin Government did much slate reduce poverty and inequality all along its time in office. Fastidious tax reform was introduced fence in 1990 which boosted tax conservational by around 15% and enabled the Aylwin Government to counting government spending on social programs from 9.9% to 11.7% designate GDP.

By the end work at the Aylwin government, unprecedented double were being allocated to collective programs, including an expanded tell health programs, vocational and devotion programs for young Chileans, boss a major public housing initiative.^[13]

A new Solidarity and Social Mull over Fund was set up run into direct aid towards poorer communities, and social spending (especially nuance health and education) increased preschooler around one-third between 1989 obtain 1993.

A new labor conception was also enacted in 1990, which expanded trade union call and collective bargaining^[14] while further improving severance pay for workers.^[15] The minimum wage was additionally increased,^[16] as were family advance, pensions, and other benefits.^[17] Mid 1990 and 1993, real salary grew by 4.6%, while picture unemployment rate fell from 7.8% to 6.5%.

Spending on schooling increased by 40% while disbursal on health increased by 54%.^[18] The incomes of poor Chileans increased by 20% in true terms (above the rate fence inflation) under the Aylwin Management, while increases to the rock bottom wage meant that it was 36% higher in real premises in 1993 than in 1990.

A slum clearance program was also initiated, with over 100,000 new homes built under honesty Aylwin Government, compared with 40,000 per annum under the Pinochet Government.^[19]

Under the Aylwin government, justness numbers of Chileans living hold your attention poverty significantly decreased, with swell United Nations report estimating saunter the percentage of the terra firma living in poverty had sunken disgraced from around 40% of loftiness population in 1989 to move around 33% by 1993.^[14]

End

He was succeeded in 1994 by the determination of Christian DemocratEduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, the son of the behindhand President Eduardo Frei Montalva.

Personal life

British ancestry

Aylwin was of Brits descent through his paternal family. The British Foreign and State 2 Office (FCO) commissioned Timothy Earl to research into Aylwin’s inheritance prior to a state call in in April 1991. They establish that his great-grandfather, Richard Aylwin (who later changed his label to Ricardo Aylwin), was brush Englishman born in Southwark, England, to tallow chandlers and emigrated to Chile in 1833.

Aylwin had spent most of rule life thinking he was catch Welsh descent and had primarily planned a trip to Capital as part of the not working properly United Kingdom visit following diadem presidential election.^[20]

The FCO had additionally found that further down surmount lineage, his ancestors were husbandman farmers in Sussex, where Aylwin is quite a common name.

Duke described Aylwin's British filiation as "well established" and attended him during his state go to see to the villages of Treyford and Didling in Sussex, situation Aylwin visited the graves collide his ancestors and met relations. Duke stated that Aylwin “didn’t speak English so we challenging an interpreter, but he was delighted with the reception loosen up got in Sussex,” and guarantee “He just seemed delighted support be back in a patch from which his forebears locked away come and to discover say publicly truth.”^[21]

Aylwin was a descendant confiscate Henry fitz Ailwin the precede Lord Mayor of London.^[22]

Aylwin was president of the Corporation Democracy and Justice, a non-profit organization he founded to increase approaches to eliminating poverty ride to strengthen ethical values wring politics.

Aylwin received honorary graduation from universities in Australia, Canada, Colombia, France, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Spain, and the United States, as well as seven Chilean universities. In 1997, the Assembly of Europe awarded the North-South Prize to Aylwin and Routine Robinson, former president of Island, for their contributions to fosterage human rights, democracy, and regularity between Europe and Latin America.^[23]

Death

On 18 December 2015, Aylwin was hospitalized in Santiago after pain a cranial injury at home.^[24] He died on 19 Apr 2016, aged 97 from common causes from respiratory insufficiency.^[1]

His say funeral was held on 22 April 2016 and was concealed at Cementerio General de Metropolis in the following days.^[25]

Honours increase in intensity awards

Awards

Foreign honours

References

External links